1.Syaffarizal Mursalin Agri (Al Khor junior)
Syamsir AlamSyamsir Alam
1.Syaffarizal Mursalin Agri (Al Khor junior)
At the moment this Sumpah Pemuda, precisely about 85 years ago, the youth ofIndonesia vowed to unite to ECE, worship on Indonesia. Has many greataccomplishments which have been carved into Indonesia in the eyes of the world. Butalso not a few small things without we realize a trivial and considered to be an accomplishment and is very well known abroad. Starting from its people, natural beauty, and culture.
History of Indonesia includes a very long span of time which started since prehistoric times by the “Java man“ at the time of about 500,000 years ago. The period in the history of Indonesia can be divided into five eras: pre-colonial empires, the rise ofHindu-Buddhist and Islam in Java and Sumatra which relied mostly on trade; the colonial era, the influx of Europeans (especially the Netherlands) who wants spice led tocolonization by the Netherlands for about 3,5 centuries between the early 17th centuryto the mid 20th century; the era of independence, after the proclamation of the independence of Indonesia (1945) until the fall of Sukarno (1966); the new order era,32 years of Suharto’s reign (1966–1998); as well as the reform era that lasted until now.
India scholars have written about Dwipantara or Java Hindu Kingdom Dwipa on Java and Sumatra around 200 BC the Tarumanagara Kingdom ruled the West Java around the year 400. In 425 Buddhism reached the region. At the time of the European Renaissance, Java and Sumatra has had its heritage of civilization thousands of yearsold and along the two great empires of Srivijaya and Majapahit in Java, Sumatra and the western part of Java Island, inherited the Tarumanagara Kingdom of civilization andthe Sunda Kingdom.
Geologically, the area of modern Indonesia appeared roughly around the Pleistocenewhen still connected to the Asian mainland. The first settlers of the region is a knownJava man at about 500,000 years ago. Indonesia islands such as the one currentlyformed when ice melelehnya after the end of the last ice age.
In the fourth century to the seventh century in the West Java region there areHindu–Buddhist Kingdom of Tarumanagara who continued with the Sunda Kingdomuntil the 16th century. During the 7th century until the 14th century, the BuddhistKingdom of Srivijaya flourished on Sumatra. The Chinese traveller I Ching visited its capital Palembang circa 670. At its height, the Empire controlled the area as far as West Java and the Malay Peninsula. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of a Hindu Kingdom of Majapahit in East Java. Vizier of Majapahit between 1331 to 1364, Gajah Mada successfully gained control ofthe region that is now largely Indonesia along with almost the entire Malay Peninsula.The legacy of the Gajah Mada including codification of law and in Javanese culture, as seen in the epic Ramayana.
Islam as a rule present in Indonesia around the 12th century, but actually had already entered Islam to Indonesia in the 7th century AD. At that time there was already a busy shipping lane and internationally through the Malacca Strait which connects the Tang dynasty of China, the Srivijaya empire in Southeast Asia and the Umayyads in Western Asia since the 7th century. According to Chinese sources toward the end ofthe third quarter of the century 7, an Arab merchants became the leader of the Arabmuslim settlement on the coast of Sumatra. Islam also gives influence to the existing political institutions. It appears in 100 H (718M) the King of Srivijaya Jambi named Srindravarman sent a letter to Caliph ‘ Umar Ibn ‘Abdul ‘ Aziz from the Bani Umayyah Caliphate request sent da’i who could explainIslam to him. The letter reads: “From the King in the King who is the offspring of a thousand Kings, whose wife is also the grandson of a thousand Kings, who in a cagebreeding there are a thousand elephants, who are on its territory there are two rivers that irrigate tree Aloe, fragrances of spices, nutmeg and whose fragrant camphor toreach out to a distance of 12 miles, the King of the Arabs who did not associate othergods with God.
I have send you a prize, which is actually a gift that not so many, but merely a sign of friendship. I want you to send me someone who can teach Islam to me and tells me about his laws. “ Two years later, the year 720 M, King Srindravarman, originally a Hindu, converted to Islam. Sriwijaya Jambi was known by the name Sribuza Islam. Alas,in the year 730 M Sriwijaya Sriwijaya Palembang, Jambi, captured by that still adhere toBuddhism. Islam continues to be a political institution mengokoh carry Islam. For example, anIslamic Sultanate Of Perlak named was founded on the 1st of Muharram year 12 November 225H or 839M. Another example is the Kingdom of Ternate. Islam came to the Kingdom in the Maluku islands this year 1440. His King a Muslim named ShadowUllah.
See more information in :Â http://www.catatansejarah.com/2011/10/sejarahasal-usul-berdiri-negara.html
Based on the results of the investigation conducted by the Netherlands historian, VonGeldern, Heine explained that since 2000 BC, which coincides with the Neolithic era up to the year 500 BC the Bronze age mengalirlah in conjunction with the waves ofdisplacement of residents from Asia to the Islands South of mainland Asia.
The Islands in southern Asia called Austronesian (Austro-asiatic means South, nesosmeaning Island). Austronesian peoples inhabiting the vast area, including the islands ofpu; au extending from Madagascar (West) to Easter Island (to the East) and Taiwan to the North until the new South Selanadia.
This opinion Von Heine Geldern was reinforced by the discovery of ancient humantools in the form of a square-shaped stone Pickaxe in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan and Sulawesi‘s western part. A cyclone like this in Asia is found in Malaysia, Myanmar, Viet Nam, and Kampucha especially in the area of Yunan.
The gelobang settlement occurred in the year 400-300 BC, along with the bronze age.This brought displacement Bronze culture such as axes, shoes and gendering nekara ororiginating from the region of Dong Son. Therefore the bronze culture in Indonesia, also known as Dong Son culture.
Dong Son culture advocates is the Austronesians who stayed on the islands betweenAsia and Australia. Arrival of the Austronesian peoples originating from Yunan toIndonesia happened in around the year 2000 BC as well. Therefore it can be concludedthat they are the ancestors of the people of Indonesia. Such an opinion has beenexpressed by jug Dr. h. Kern pad in 1899 through the research of various local languages (there are 113 local languages) in Indonesia. Simpulannya that the language of the area formerly derived from one language family called Austronesian languages
The ancestors of the people of Indonesia leave the area around the uppersungaiSalwen Yunan and Mekhong River very fertile soil which is estimated to be due to natural disaster or attack from other tribes.
Transfortasi tool used by the ancestors of the people of Indonesia are the BoatBercadik. They sailed to a group without knowing the fear and the various islands andasatu sqalah a brand select was nusantara. This indicates that the ancestors of thepeople of Indonesia are the hand-picked sailors who have a deep jiwakelautan.Ancestors of bamngsa Indonesia has marine culture that is as the inventor of theoriginal boat model bercadik which is a typical cirri of Indonesia vessel.
Austronesian people who entered the Malay Archipelago and then settled the Malaynation Indonesia called. They are the direct ancestors of Indonesia now. Malay race can be differentiated into two peoples
Indonesia is a country that has many local languages. According to data from Ethnologue, Indonesia has 726 languages spoken by various ethnic groups in all regions of Indonesia. The following are 10 regional language which has the largest number of speakers in Indonesia.
1. language of Java (84.300.000 inhabitants).
The Java language is spoken by the people of Indonesia, especially in Java, Central and Eastern parts. However, in the other islands there are also speakers of Javanese. Even overseas also there are native-speakers of Javanese language, of which the country of Suriname, New Caledonia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The Java language has several levels, like a spiritual story, Vice, and Manners. According to 2000 census data, the Java language speakers in Indonesia is as much as 84 million more.
The Java language has several dialects, including Banten, Banyumas dialect, Blora, Bumiayu, Brebes, Cirebon, Kedu, Madiun, Malang, East Line (Jepara, Demak, Kudus, Rembang, starch), Line East Java (Tuban, Bojonegoro) Pekalongan, Semarang, Surakarta, Surabaya, Attack, Suriname, and Tegal.
2. the Sundanese language (34.000.000 inhabitants).
Sundanese language is spoken by the people of Indonesia, especially in the western part of Java island. Not only does this language is spoken in the western part of Java, but it is also spoken in various islands in Indonesia by the citizens of Sunda migration to the venue. Sundanese language is also spoken in overseas, especially in the area of migration the citizens of Sunda. According to the 2000 census data Sundanese language is spoken by 34 million inhabitants.
Sundanese language has several dialects, of which the Western dialect (South Jakarta), the northern dialect (Bogor, and surroundings), southern dialect/dialect of Priangan (Bandung and its surroundings, the Middle Eastern dialect (Majalengka and surroundings), Northeastern dialect (brass and surrounding areas), South-Eastern dialects (and surrounding Ciamis).
3. language of Madura (13.600.000 inhabitants).
Madura language is spoken by the people of Indonesia, especially on the island of Madura and the northern coast of East Java (Probolinggo and surroundings). The language is also widely spoken in Madura, Surabaya, Malang and surrounding areas and the surrounding islands, Masalembo, until Borneo. Many Madurese language influenced by Malay, Javanese, Bugis, Chinese, and so on. Many words from these languages are rooted in the Malay language, even to the Minangkabau language. But of course with a different pronunciation. Discuss Madura have a unique pronunciation, so that people outside the island will feel difficulty in studying it. According to 2000 census data, the Madurese language speakers about 13 million people.
Madurese language has several dialects, of which dialect of Bangkalan, Sumenep, Sampang, Twg, and Kangean. The other dialect is a dialect that has been mixed with rural dialects of other languages.
4. the Minangkabau language (5.530.000 inhabitants).
The language spoken by the Minangkabau people in West Sumatra, Riau and West part of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. In addition there are also in different regions, since many Minangkabau people migrated out of the area. According to the 2007 Census, the Minangkabau language spoken by at least 5 million.
Minangkabau language has many dialects, including the Standard Minangkabau language (dialect of Padang), Mandahiling Kuti Anyie, Pariaman, Padang Panjang, Ludai, river bars, Kurai, Kuranji, Salimpaung Batusangkar, and Rao-Rao Batusangkar.
5. Musi Language (3.930.000 inhabitants).
Musi language is a language spoken by the people of upper and lower along the Musi River, South Sumatra Province. Musi language also known as the S language and language in Palembang. This language speakers according to the 2000 census was 3.9 million inhabitants.
Musi language has several dialects, these dialects Pegagan, Musi S, Penukal, Kelingi, Rawas; Palembang, Palembang, long, Meranjat, Penesak, Belide, Burai Lematang, and Ilir.
6. Plurals (3,500,000 inhabitants)
The Bugis language is a language spoken by the people in South Sulawesi. In addition, the language is also spoken in other regions of the province of South Sulawesi in addition to sulawesi, Papua, Maluku, Kalimantan, Sumatra, and also in Sabah, Malaysia. According to the Census of tahun1991 language is spoken by about 3.5 million people.
The Bugis language has several dialects, these dialects of Bone, Pangkep, Camba, Srikalahasthi, Pasangkayu, Sinjai, Soppeng, Wajo, Barru, Sawitto, and Luwu.
7. Banjar Language (3,500,000 inhabitants)
Banjar language is the language spoken by the Banjar people in South Kalimantan. This language is also spoken in other areas like Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan and Riau, Indragiri Hilir Regency. Abroad, the Banjar language is also spoken by the Banjar people in Malaysia. This language is heavily influenced by Malay, Javanese, and Dayak. According to the 2000 population census this language speakers numbered 3.5 million.
This language has two main dialects, the dialects of Kuala and upstream. Banjar Kuala dialect spoken by the inhabitants of Banjarmasin and Martapura,-Banjarbaru Pelaihari. While the upper dialect spoken by inhabitants in the area upstream of the river.
Balinese language has various dialects, including Lowland dialect Bali (Karangasem, Klungkung, Buleleng, Tabanan, Gianyar, Jembrana, Indonesia), the Highlands of Bali (“Bali Aga”), and Nusa Penida.
That’s 10 regional language with most speakers in the country. Many local languages that are currently preserved due to the nature of the threatened less concerned than speakers of the language itself. Currently many children who are being taught the language Indonesia even a foreign language by their parents, and were not taught the mother tongue. So make them do not understand their native language. Indonesian Language is also an important language, but the language of Indonesia can be easily studied in the schools. While local languages, not all schools teach it. So the need for awareness of the parents to introduce their children to the mother tongue.
See more information in :Â http://blog.anashir.com/2012/11/bahasa-daerah-dengan-penutur-terbanyak.html
Despite some drawbacks that are often inherent in our homeland of Indonesia, but there are dozens of world records that we should proud as a citizen of Indonesia because until recently there were able to break blom accolade from Indonesia.
The following list of 24 world record owned by Indonesia:
1. The Republic of Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago Country which comprises 17.504 Island (including 9.634 Island unnamed and of      6,000 islands are uninhabited).
2. Here are 3 of the 6 largest island in the world, namely: Borneo (the third largest island in the world with a vast 539.460 km2), Sumatra (473.606 Â Â Â km2) and Guinea (421.981 km2)
3. Indonesia is the largest maritime Countries in the world with waters covering an area of 93 thousand km2 and a length of coast about 81 Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â thousand km2 or almost 25% of long beach in the world.
4. Java is the most populous island in the world where nearly 60% of the population of Indonesia (about 130 jt people) live in the island area only     7% of the entire territory of the REPUBLIC.
5. Indonesia is the country with the most populous nation in the world. There are more than 740 tribes/ethnic groups, of which there are only        270 in New Guinea tribes.
6. Countries with the largest areas of language, namely, 583 languages and dialects from the parent language used 67 different ethnic groups in        Indonesia. The national language is bahasa Indonesia although local languages with the largest number of users in Indonesia’s Java language.
7. Indonesia is the largest muslim country in the world. The number of adherents of Islam in Indonesia around 216 million or 88% of the              population of Indonesia. Also has one of the largest mosques and country of origin of the world’s largest pilgrims.
8.  Buddhist monuments (Temple) is the world’s biggest temple of Borobudur in Central Java with a height of 42 metres (10 levels) and a long relief    more than 1 km. was estimated to be made for 40 years by the Syailendra dynasty in the ancient Mataram Kingdom (750-850)
9. Â Â The discovery of the ancient world’s oldest man, namely: Pithecanthropus Erectus is estimated to come from 1.8 million years ago
10. The Republic of Indonesia is the first country that was born after the end of World War II in 1945. RI is a country to the world’s oldest 70.
11.  Indonesia was the first country (up to now the only) ever to come out of the United Nations (UN) on the date January 7, 1965. RI merged back     into the UNITED NATIONS in 1966.
12. Â Indonesia’s badminton team who most captured the men’s badminton supremacy, the arms of Thomas Cup, that as many as 13 x (first th 1958 Â Â Â Â Â Â & last 2002).
13. Â Indonesia is producing liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the world (20% of world supply) is also the second largest Tin producer.
14.  Indonesia was ranked 1st in agricultural products, namely: clove (cloves) & nutmeg (nutmeg), as well as no. 2 in natural rubber (Natural            Rubber) and crude palm oil (Crude Palm Oil).
15. Â Indonesia is the largest exporter of plywood (plywood), which is about 80% of the world market.
16. Â Coral reefs (Coral Reef) Indonesia is the richest (18% of the world total).
17. Â Indonesia has the world’s largest shark species namely 150 species.
18. Biodiversity Orchid terbeser world: 6 thousand species of orchids, ranging from the largest (or Grammatophyllum Speciosum Tiger Orchid) to      the smallest (Taeniophyllum, which is not leafy), including the black Orchids are rare and only occur in New Guinea.
19. Â Â Has the world’s largest mangrove forest. This plant is useful to prevent the annihilation of sea water/abrasion.
20. Â Ancient animals that are still alive: Komodo are just there on the island Komodo, NTT is the largest lizard in the world. Its length can reach 3 Â Â Â Â Â Â Â meters tall and weighs 90 kg.
21. Â Rafflesia Arnoldi growing in Sumatra is the largest flower in the world. When the flowers bloom, reaching 1 meter in diameter.
22.  Has the smallest primates in the world, namely the Pygmy Tarsier (Tarsius Pumilus) or also called Mount Tarsier length is 10 cm. monkey-like      Animals and its life on this tree are found in Sulawesi.
23. Â The discovery of the world’s longest snake, Python Reticulates along 49 feet (14.94 meters) in Sulawesi.
24.  The world’s smallest fish found recently in the muddy swamps of Sumatra. 7.9 mm long when mature, or more or less equal mosquitoes. The        body of this fish is transparent and does not have a bone head.
In everyday life, there are some habits we consider Indonesia as normal. Almost all the inhabitants of the archipelago do it, or just reasonable seenggaknya when people around them do so. But what about Yes if people abroad see our daily habits?